oliver cromwell was lord protector of the short-lived commonwealth of england from 1653 - 1658. founder of the new model army and instigator of two civil wars, cromwell had king charles the first decapitated in 1649. cromwell's signature is visible on the lower left side of the death warrant:
in addition to military prowess ("he crushed the scots and worcester, and beat the dutch at sea") he was an aesthetic realist. he asked that his portrait take no creative license, instead to portray him "warts and all."
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